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1. 4th Nanotechnology Conclave 14-15 April 2009, New Delhi
Adam Cheyer is leading the design of powerful software that acts as a personal aide.
2. $100 Genome
Han Cao's nanofluidic chip could cut DNA sequencing costs dramatically.
3. Racetrack Memory
Stuart Parkin is using nanowires to create an ultradense memory chip.
4. Biological Machines
Michel Maharbiz's novel interfaces between machines and living systems could give rise to a new generation of cyborg devices.
5. Paper Diagnostics
George Whitesides has created a cheap, easy-to-use diagnostic test out of paper.
6. Liquid Battery
Donald Sadoway conceived of a novel battery that could allow cities to run on solar power at night.
7. Traveling-Wave Reactor i
A new reactor design could make nuclear power safer and cheaper, says John Gilleland.
8. Nanopiezoelectronics
Zhong Lin Wang thinks piezoelectric nanowires could power implantable medical devices and serve as tiny sensors.
9. HashCache
Vivek Pai's new method for storing Web content could make Internet access more affordable around the world.
10. Software-Defined Networking
Nick McKeown believes that remotely controlling network hardware with software can bring the Internet up to speed.
Details: http://www.technologyreview.com/specialreports/specialreport.aspx?id=37
Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) array
An inexpensive detector developed by a NASA-led team can now see invisible infrared light in a range of "colors," or wavelengths. Dr. Murzy Jhabvala, chief engineer of the Instrument Systems and Technology Division at Goddard Space Flight Center , led the project. Called a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) array, the detector was the world's largest (one-million pixel) infrared array when the project was announced in March 2003. It was a low-cost alternative to conventional infrared detector technology for a wide range of applications; however, at the time it could only detect a narrow range of infrared colors. The new QWIP array is the same size but can now sense infrared over a broad range.
SURGICAL SOFTWARE
A new software tool developed at Brigham Young University will allow surgeons to instantly visualize any part of a patient's anatomy. Called "Live Surface," the software works by extracting information from data collected in 3-D volumes -- CT scans, MRIs, or 3-D ultrasounds.
Using the software, a surgeon could extract a 3-D image of a person's heart or brain. The image could then be projected onto the patient's body, fitted to create a roadmap for the surgeon as he operated. Additionally, doctors could use the tool to make better diagnoses after visualizing a patient's organs from multiple angles, or do a better job of locating cancerous tumors.
The program uses a hierarchical algorithm (set of mathematical rules) that tells the computer to eliminate irrelevant information in broad, coarse cuts. Once the bulk of unwanted data is gone, the computer is free to make more refined calculations more quickly.
Solar Power
CA-based startup SolFocus demonstrated last week, one of the hottest trends in alternative energy. SolFocus, which has secured $25 million in venture capital financing to accelerate development of its concentrator photovoltaics, employs mirrors to focus sunlight 500-fold onto high-efficiency solar cells. Concentrator technology to increase the output of solar power is not new. But thanks to high-efficiency photovoltaics and novel manufacturing techniques that create better solar cells, lenses, and mirrors, concentrator photovoltaics systems are delivering more power at lower cost.
Sources: MIT Tech Review; NASA Tech Briefs; RFID Journal
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